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A History of Logic Part 3
Logic in the Early Medieval Period After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, there was difficulty in communication between Western and Eastern Europe. In the Latin tradition, an astute Christian statesman and philosopher, Boethius, played a pivotal role in preserving the Aristotelian logical system for the Latin-speaking Western realm. Boethius was the conduit by…
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A History of Logic Part 2
Aristotle’s Categories of Being In Aristotle’s book Categories in the Organon, Aristotle defines ten predicates of being, of which all one says of a thing can be classified as one of these ten categories. In Aristotle’s book Categories in the Organon, Aristotle defines ten predicates of being, of which all one says of a thing…
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A History of Logic Part 1
Introduction The history of logic is, in effect, the history of thought. This is not merely because the object of logic is that of consistent rules of cognition, but also because logic itself often parallels the development and the general course of both mathematics and philosophy. Logic can also be thought of as the basic…
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The Guest House by Rumi: Meaning, Summary, Line-by-Line Explanation and Moral
Short Summary of The Guest House by Rumi The Guest House by Rumi is a spiritual poem that compares the human heart to a guest house where different emotions arrive each day. The poem teaches that all feelings—joy, sadness, anger, fear, and even sorrow—should be welcomed because they help us grow. According to Rumi, every…
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Intentionality Behind Sadaqa Part 2
What Is Sadaqah? Sadaqah is where things get interesting. By definition, it is charity or deeds done for the pleasure of Allah, and the fact that it is voluntary separates it from Zakat. We are no longer speaking in terms of the bare minimum. It is what you do voluntarily, for good reasons. Those reasons…
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Intentionality Behind Sadaqa Part 1
The Essence of Giving The epitome of love is the desire to give—the desire to be useful. To be of service and, if need be, to sacrifice—not from a place of self-erasure, but from a place of loyalty. Does it sound intense? Perhaps. But let us sit with that for a moment. Sit with the…
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Philosphy For Kids : Big Questions For Little Minds
Philosophy is simply the practice of asking big questions. Children ask big questions all the time. When they wonder, “Why is the sky blue?” or “Why do we have to share?” they are already beginning to think like philosophers. Every thoughtful question is the start of a journey shaped by curiosity and wonder. One important…
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Introduction to Common Accidents, Properties, and Differentia
Introduction Now that we have covered the predicables related to what is generally entitled ‘secondary substances’ (ie. that which is said of something, but is not in a substrate), it is time to elucidate that which is both said of something, as well as is in something. Common Accident The most rudimentary of these terms…
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A Brief Detour in Logic- Some Clarifications
We shall take a brief detour in order to properly examine what it means to state something is in a subject, and to explain what it means to be predicated of a subject. First, we should explain what we mean by subject and predicate. The subject of a statement is what the subject is about.…
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Introduction to Genus and Species
We shall now embark on the nature of the five Aristotelian predicables. First, we should define what a predicable is. A predicable can simply be defined as a system of relations that describe how a thing is of many. The first form of predicable is the genus. The ancient meaning of the word genus can…